Retrotransposons and germ cells: reproduction, death, and diversity
نویسندگان
چکیده
The evolutionary success of retrotransposable elements is reflected by their abundance in mammalian genomes. To restrict their further advance, a number of defence mechanisms have been put in place by the host. These seem to be particularly effective in the germ line while somatic lineages might be more permissive to new insertions, as recent work by Kano and colleagues suggests.
منابع مشابه
Meiosis and retrotransposon silencing during germ cell development in mice.
In mammals, germ cells derive from the pluripotent cells that are present early in embryogenesis, and then differentiate into male sperm or female eggs as development proceeds. Fusion between an egg and a sperm at fertilization allows genetic information from both parents to be transmitted to the next generation, and produces a pluripotent zygote to initiate the next round of embryogenesis. Mei...
متن کاملP-48: Nicotine Alters Both Somatic and Germ Cells in Adult Mouse Testis
Background: Nicotine as a toxic agent in cigarette has detrimental effects on reproduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of of nicotine on germ and somatic cells in adult mouse testis. Materials and Methods: Male mice were divided into four groups. Group A or controls, groups of B, C and D were treated with nicotine intraperitoneally in doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/100 g body w...
متن کاملI-51: The Role of the Transcription FactorGCNF in Germ Cell Differentiation and Reproductionin Mice
The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) is a member of the nuclear receptor super family of transcription factors. GCNF expression during gastrulation and neurulation is critical for normal embryogenesis in mice. GCNF represses expression of the POU domain transcription factor Oct4 during mouse post-implantation development in vivo. Oct4 is thus down-regulated during female gonadal development, whe...
متن کاملApoptosis, Autophagy, and Necrosis in Murine Embryonic Gonadal Ridges and Neonatal Ovaries: An Animal Model
Background: In mammalian ovaries, loss of over two-thirds of germ cells happens due to cell death. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of cell death has yet to be determined. The present basic practical study was designed to detect 3 types of programmed cell death, namely apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, in murine embryonic gonadal ridges and neonatal ovaries.Methods: Twenty gonadal ridges and ...
متن کاملDNA methylation dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming in the germline and preimplantation embryos.
Methylation of DNA is an essential epigenetic control mechanism in mammals. During embryonic development, cells are directed toward their future lineages, and DNA methylation poses a fundamental epigenetic barrier that guides and restricts differentiation and prevents regression into an undifferentiated state. DNA methylation also plays an important role in sex chromosome dosage compensation, t...
متن کامل